coreutils 是GNU下的一个软件包，包含linux下的 ls等常用命令。这些命令的实现要依赖于shell程序。 一般在系统中都默认安装，也可自己安装或更新。 例如，安装coreutils-6.7.tar.gz ，安装后， 打开你的linux，执行如下：（Debian,gentoo例外） [root@lee ~]# rpm -qi coreutils-5.2.1-32 Name        : coreutils                    Relocations: (not relocatable) Version     : 5.2.1                             Vendor: (none) Release     : 32                            Build Date: 2006年07月13日 星期四 00时12分39秒 Install Date: 2007年03月15日 星期四 11时50分49秒      Build Host: koumei.asianux.com Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: coreutils-5.2.1-32.src.rpm Size        : 8089056                          License: GPL Signature   : (none) URL         : ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/ Summary     : The GNU core utilities: a set of tools commonly used in shell scripts Description : These are the GNU core utilities.  This package is the combination of the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages. 它包含有三个基本的套件，文件、shell、文本，各包含的程序如下： 1、文件套件 chgrp - Changes file group ownership. chown - Changes file ownership. chmod - Changes file permissions. cp - Copies files. dd - Copies and converts a file. df - Shows disk free space on filesystems. dir - Gives a brief directory listing. dircolors - Setup program for the color output of GNU ls. du - Shows disk usage on filesystems. install - Copies file and sets its permissions. ln - Creates file links. ls - Lists directory contents. mkdir - Creates directories. mkfifo - Creates FIFOs (named pipes). mknod - Creates special files. mv - Moves files. rm - Removes (deletes) files. rmdir - Removes empty directories. shred - Destroy data in files. sync - Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk. touch - Changes file timestamps. vdir - Long directory listing. 2、shell套件 [ - Check file types and compare values basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname. chroot -  Changes the root directory. date - Prints/sets the system date and time. dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname. echo - Prints a line of text. env - Displays/modifies the environment. expr - Evaluates expressions. factor - Prints prime factors. false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status. groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of. hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host hostname - Print or set the machine name. id - Print real/effective uid/gid. logname - Print current login name. nice - Modify scheduling priority. nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out. pathchk - Check file name portability. pinky - Lightweight finger printenv - Prints environment variables. printf - Formats and prints data. pwd - Print the current working directory. seq - Print numeric sequences. sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time. stty - Print/change terminal settings. su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser. tee - Sends output to multiple files. test - Evaluates an expression. true - Returns a successful exit status. tty - Print terminal name. uname - Print system information. users - Print current user names. who - Print a list of all users currently logged in. whoami - Print effective user id. yes - Print a string repeatedly. 3、文本操作套件 cat - concatenate files and print to the standard output cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file comm - compare two sorted files line by line csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines cut - remove sections from each line of files expand - convert tabs to spaces fmt - simple optimal text formatter fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width join - join lines of two files on a common field md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest nl - number lines of files od - dump files in octal and other formats paste - merge lines of files pr - convert text files for printing ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents sort - sort lines of text files split - split a file into pieces sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file tac - concatenate and print files in reverse tail - output the last part of files tr - translate or delete characters tsort - perform topological sort unexpand - convert spaces to tabs uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files head - output the first part of files